How does the lightning arrester use its own characteristics to conduct lightning energy into the ground to protect the equipment?
Publish Time: 2025-01-14
As a vital power equipment, the core function of the lightning arrester is to protect electrical equipment from damage caused by lightning overvoltage. When lightning invades the power system, the lightning arrester can respond quickly and use its unique characteristics to conduct lightning energy into the ground, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the equipment.
The working principle of the lightning arrester is based on its internal nonlinear resistance characteristics. Under normal conditions, the lightning arrester is installed in parallel with the protected equipment. At this time, no current flows, and only a small leakage current exists. However, once the lightning shock wave is transmitted along the line, the voltage on the lightning arrester will rise rapidly. When the voltage reaches the action voltage of the lightning arrester, the lightning arrester will immediately change from a high resistance state to a low resistance state, quickly conduct and release the overvoltage energy.
In this process, the lightning arrester converts the lightning energy into heat energy through its internal metal oxide resistor or other nonlinear resistor material and dissipates it into the air. At the same time, the lightning arrester is connected to the grounding device through the down conductor to safely conduct the remaining lightning energy into the ground. This mechanism ensures that lightning energy does not accumulate on electrical equipment, thus avoiding damage to the equipment due to overvoltage.
The design of lightning arrester fully considers the characteristics of lightning impulse and the protection requirements of electrical equipment. Its operating voltage is usually set within the range that the insulation strength of the protected equipment can withstand, so as to ensure that under lightning impulse, the lightning arrester can be turned on before the insulation of the equipment breaks down. In addition, the lightning arrester also has the characteristics of rapid response and recovery, and can quickly return to a high-resistance state after the lightning impulse, ready to play a protective role again.
In practical applications, lightning arrester is widely used in various power systems and electrical equipment, such as transformers, transmission lines, distribution panels, etc. They can not only effectively resist the invasion of lightning overvoltage, but also provide protection against operating overvoltage and power frequency transient overvoltage.
The invention and application of lightning arrester have greatly improved the safety and reliability of power systems. They use their own characteristics to conduct lightning energy into the earth, providing a strong guarantee for the stable operation of electrical equipment. With the advancement of technology and the development of power systems, the performance of lightning arresters is constantly improving and perfecting to adapt to more complex and changeable lightning environments.
In summary, as an important component of power equipment, lightning arresters successfully guide lightning energy into the earth through their unique nonlinear resistance characteristics and cooperation with grounding devices, thereby protecting the safe operation of equipment.
